MCS-024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming Solved Assignment 2019-2020

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MCS-024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming Solved Assignment 2019-2020

Q1. (a)  Explain basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming? Explain how data hiding is achieved.  
Answer:- Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by providing some concepts:
·         Object - Any entity that has state and behaviour is known as an object. An Object can be defined as an instance of a class.
·         Class - Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity. A class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create an individual object. Class doesn't consume any space.
·         Inheritance - When one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of a parent object, it is known as inheritance.
·         Polymorphism - If one task is performed by different ways, it is known as polymorphism. In Java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism.
·         Abstraction - Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. In Java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
·         Encapsulation - Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation. A java class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all the data members are private here.
Data Hiding - Data hiding is a software development technique specifically used in object-oriented programming (OOP) to hide internal object details (data members). Data hiding ensures exclusive data access to class members and protects object integrity by preventing unintended or intended changes.
Data hiding also reduces system complexity for increased robustness by limiting interdependencies between software components.

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